Lapping machine



Patented Mar. 3, 1925.

UNITED sTATEs HERBERT G. MANNERING, or SEATTLE, Wasi-numeri'.

rfnrrrne MACHINE.

Application filed February 21, 1921. Serial No. 443,805.

To all whom t mayvcoaceim:

Be it known that I, HERBERT G. MAN- NERING, a citizen of the United States, residing at Seattle, in the county of King 'and State of lNashington, have invented a certain ne7 and useful Improvement in Lapping Machines, of which the Jfollowing is a specification.

My invention'relates tojimprovements in portable lapping or abradingmachines and the object of my invention Vis to provide a portable lapping machine which is adapted to lap, abrade or polish the walls of the cylinders of internal combustion engines and the like, which `Walls have become worn in use, to thereby realign thesaid Walls in cy lindrical and parallel relation with respect to the axes of said cylinders.

A still further object is .to provide a lapping machine embodying novel mechanism whereby the lapping element is simultaneously rotated yand reciprocated during the operation of said machine.

A still further object is to provide a lapping machine embodying novel mechanism whereby the lapping element may be rotated without being reciprocated at any desired portion of the stroke orthe said lapping element maybe reciprocated Without being rotated when desired. y l

A still further object is to provide a lapping machine embodying simplicity, durability and economy in construction; that is positive and eiicient in operation and that will not readily get out' of order.

With the abovek and other objects in view which will appear as the description proceeds, my invention resides in the novel construction, combination, adaptation and arrangement of parts hereinafter described and claimed. v

I accomplish these objects by devices illustrated in the accompanying drawings, Wherein- Figure 1 is a View in vertical longitudinal section of a portable lapping machine eu'il'iodying the vfeatures of my invention, as it would appear when operatively disposed within the cylinder yof van internal combustion engine. parts being in elevation to more clearly illustrate certain features oi' the machine, the lapping element of said machine being illustrated an advanced or lowered position within said /cylinder.

Fig. Q is a fragmentary .view inside elevation of the same, illustrating the mechanism in position whereby the lapping element may be rotated withoutibeing reciproeated or said lapping element may be reciprocated without being rotated.

Fig. 3 is a. vieu7 in end elevation of the same, illustrating the iapping element in a mid-position in full lines and the retracted or raised position of said lapping' element in dot and dash lines; y

Fig. flis a top plan view of the same, illustrating the mechanism substantially in the position shown in full lines in Fig. 3, and, n

Figs. 5, 6, .7 and 8 are fragmentary .itiews in horizontal section taken espectively on broken lines 5, 5; 6, 6; 7, and 8, 8 of Fig. 1. Y.

Referring tothe drawings, throughout which like reference numerals designate like parts the numeral 10 designates the hollow cylindricalbase memberof my lapping machine, which base member 10 is provided on its lower end with a plurality of radially disposed feet 11 having slots 12 formed therein. y n y The base member 10 is adapted to be op eratively disposed and iiuedlysecured in any suitable or convenient manner -to the engine, motor or piunp" to be operated upon, in the present instance, l have shown said base member operatively disposed upon the upper face 13 et an internal combustion engine 141. y

To ixedly secure the base member 10 upon the upperl `face 13 of the engine 14, I have found it convenient in practiceto utilize the existing threaded holes 15 Jformed in said upper face, which holes are adapted to normally receive the stud bolts which secure the cylinder head of said engine in position.

In securing the base member 10 to the upper face 13', the slots 12 formed in the radially disposed -feet 11 of said base member are ordinarily utilized when said slots coincide with any or' said holes 15, but, when as shown in Fig. 5, said slots do not coincide with said'holes, provide clamping bars 16 havingv longitudinally disposed slots 17 formed therein, which bars 16 are adapted to be superposed on said feet 11. The said clamping bars are Jfurther adapted to be secured in position by set screws 18 threadedly engaged in the selected holes 15 to thus positively Secure said member 10 in position as will be readily understood.

It will also be apparent from the foregoing that the slots 12 in the feet 11 in conjunction with the slotted bars 16 provide ample means for the positive securing of the base lO to the face 13.

Formed in the cylindrical wall of the base member 10 adjacent the upper end thereof is a slot 19, which slot extends downwardly from the upper end of said meinber, the length of said slot being substantially one third the length of said base member.

lntegrally formed on the base member 10 on each side of the slot 19 and substantially midway of the length thereo'tl are lugs 20, which lugs 2O are adapted to threadedly receive a clamping set screw 21 substantially as shown in Fig. 5.

Opcratively disposed upon the base member l0 is an adjustable and removable supporting bracket or platform 23, which bracket is adapted to receive and operatively"support the several mechanisms comprising my lapping machine.

To sustain and maintain the bracket 23 in an operative position relative to the base member 10 I have provided said bracket 23 with a hollow cylindrical downwardly extending portion 24, which portion 24 is integrally formed on the underside of the bracket 23 adjacent one end thereof. The said portion 24 is adapted to be slidably disposed within the base member 10.

rl`o prevent and positively insure against rotation of the portion 24 within the base member 1() during the lapping operation have provided said portion with an outwardly projecting radially disposed pin 25, which pin 25 may be formed integral on or otherwise lixedly secured to the periphery of said portion 24 at a point adjacent to the upper end thereof. The said pin 25 is normally disposed in the slot 19 formed in the base member 10 when the bracket 23 is operatively disposed thereon, as shown more clearly in Figs. 1, 2 and 5 of the d 1swings.

The slot 19 and the lugs 2O formed in and on the base member 10 in conjunction with the clamping set screw 21 also serve to positively retain the portion 24 against rotation within said member 10 in addition to clamping said portion against axial or sliding movement within the member 10 during the lapping operation, as will be readily understood.

To operatively support the several mechanisms comprising my lapping machine, I have provided upwardly extending` arms 26 and 2i', which arms 26 and 27 are formed integrally on or otherwise iiedly secured in spaced apart relation to the upper side of the bracket 23.

Integrally formed on the arms 26 and 27 adjacent the lower ends thereof are bosses or bearings 2S and similarly formed on the Lipper ends of said arms are bosses or bearings 29.

Journalled 'for rotation within the bosses 28 formed on the arms 26 and 2T is a driving shaft 30.

The driving or manually operating mechanism of my lapping machine comprises a bevel gear 31, a bevel pinion 32, a bevel pinion shaft 33 and a crank handle 34.

The bevel gear 31 is adapted to be keyed or otherwise hxedly secured to the outer end of the driving shaft 30 and is turther adapted to normally mesh with the bevel pinion 32.

The bevel pinion 32 is adapted to be keyed or otherwise lixedlv secured to the bevel pinion shaft 33, which shaft is adapted to be journalled for rotation within bosses or bearings 35, which bosses are integrally formed on a plurality of arcuate arms The said arcuate arms 36 may be formed integral on or otherwise tixedly secured to the upwardly extending arm 27 as shown in the drawings.

The crank handle 34 for the manual operation of my lapping machine is adapted to be iirredly secured to one end ot the bevel pinion sha tt 33, as shown, but, said handle may be arranged to be secured to either end of said bevel pinion sha-ft as desired and found convenient.

The rotatingy mechanism for my lapping` machine comprises a bevel pinion 3.7, a bevel gear 38 and a square shank or spindle 39.

rfhe bevel pinion 3T is adapted to be keyed or otherwise iixedly secured to the inner end ot the driving shaft 30 adjacent the upwardly extending arm 26.

The bevel gear 3S is adapted to normally mesh with the bevel pinion 37 and is provided on its underside with a relatively long hub 40, which hub is adapted to be concentrically and rotatably disposed on and in a seat or boss 41 formed upon the end ot the bracket 23 adjacent the upwardly extending arm 26.

To positively retain the bevel gear 33 against axial movement within its associated scat 41, l provide a set collar 42, which collar is adapted to be lixedly secured to the lower end of the hub 40 or' the gear 33 and to abut the lower face of the seat 41 as shown in the drawings.

The square shank or spindle 39 is axially disposed within the bevel gear 38, which shank is adapted to normally rotate with said bevel gear and is further adapted for reciprocatory movement through and with respect to said bevel gear 33.

The reciprocating mechanism for my lapping machine comprises a sliding spur gear pinion 43, a spur gear 44, a crank shaft 45,

a crank arm 46, an adjustable crank arm 47, a connecting rod 48, an adjustable collar 49 and areciprocatory rod 50.

The sliding spur gear pinion 43 is adapted to be slidably mounted on the driving shaft 30 between the upwardly extending arms 26 and 27, as shown. The said pinion 43 is also further adapted to normally rotate with said shaft through the medium of a leather key or spline 43. y

The spur gear 44 is tixedly secured to the crank shaft 45 at a point on said shaft adj acentthe upwardly extending arm 27. The said spur gear 44 is also further adapted to mesh with the pinion 43 when the latter is in the position shown in Figs. 1 and 4 and to be disengaged from said pinion when the latter is in the position shown in Fig. 2.

To t'aeilitate and expedite the engagement and disengagement of the pinion 43 with and from the gear 44 I have provided on one side of said pinion a relatively long hub 5l having a peripheral groove 52 formed therein and in which is normally disposed a pin 53 of a manually operated lever 54 which lever is adapted to be pivoted as at 55 to the bracket 23. The outer end of said lever 54 being adapted to project outwardly 'from the side of said bracket a convenient distance to render the same readily accessible to the operator.

The crank shaft 45 is adapted to be journalled for rotation within the bosses 29 formed on the upper ends oil the upwardly extending arms 26 and 27.

The crank arm 46 is adapted to be liXedly secured to the inner end of the crank shaft 45, as shown, and to insure against and prevent axial dislodgement of said shaft with- `in its associated bosses 29, lhave provided a set colla1 56 which collar is adapted to be fixedly secured to the outer end of said shaft, as shown, the crank arm 46 being adapted to abut the outer :tace of the boss 29 on the arin 26, while the set collar 56 is adapted to abut the outer face of the boss 29 on the arm 27.

To obtain a variable or adjustable stroke tor the lapping element of my machine, I have formed a slot 57 in the outer end ot the crank arm 46, which slot 57 is adapted to receive a pin 58 formed on the adjustable crank arm 47 which pin 58 is adapted to be clamped in any desired position within said slot by a nut 59 on the pin 58.

The connecting rod 48 is adapted to be operatively or pivotally secured at its lower end to the outer end of the adjustable crank arm 47 as by crank pin 60, which crank pin 60 is threadedly engaged in the said adjustable crank arm 47, while the upper end or' he said connecting rod 48 is adapted to be similarly secured to the adjustable collar 49 by a pin 6l threadedly engaged in said adjustable collar 49.

The adjustable collar 49 is adapted to be y secured or clamped in any desired position adjacent the upper end of the reeiprocatory rod 50 by a set screw 62.

The reciprocatory rod 50 is suitably guided for reciprocation within a ramevconr prising guide rods 63, a bridge 64 and a rrosshead 65.

The guide rods 63 are adapted to be fixedly secured at their lower ends in lugs 66 by nuts 67 threadedly engaged on said lower ends, which lugs 66 are :termed integral on the bracket 23 adjacent said seat 4i oi the bevel gear 38, said lugs 66 being disposed in diametral opposite relation with respect to each other and said seat 4i, as shown more clearly in Fig. 7.

The upper ends of the guide rods 63 are adapted to be lixedly secured .in the ends ot the bridge 64 as by nuts 68 threadedly engaged on said upper ends.

The ends of the guide reds 63 are formed with shoulders 69, as shown, to maintain the bracket 23 in predetermined spaced relation with respect to the bridge 64 as will be readily apparent by referring to Fig.

'lhe crosshead 65 is adapted to be adjnstably secured in any desired position on the reciprocatory rod 50 by a set screw 70, whifh crosshead is provided on its end with semi-circular portions 7l, which portions are adapted for sliding engagen'ient with the guide rods 63 during the reciprocating of the. rod 50 to thus properly guide said rod as well as prevent and positively insure against rotation or circumferential movement of the same during the reciprocating thereof.

To operatively connect the lower end ot the reciprocatory rod 50 with the upper end ot' rotating and reciprocating shank 39 in such a manner that the rod 50 will reciprocate without rotating, I have `ioinned an axial cylindrical recess 72 in the upper end of said shank 39, which recess 72 is adapted to receive the lower end ot the reciproca` toryT rod 59. l have also provided said rod 50 with a collar 73 which collar [is adapted to be liXedly secured to the rod 5() adjacent the lower end thereof and is iiurtl'ier anapted to abut the upper end of the shank 39 when the lower end ot the rod 50 is disposed in the recess 72.

To retain the lower end ot the rod 50 in the rei ess 72 l have provided a coupling nut 74, which is adapted to be threadedly engaged on the upper end ot the shank 39 and is further adapted to abut the upper side et the collar '73 to thereby retain said lower end in position. within said recess.

To prevent circumferential movement the coupling nut 74 with respect to the upper end ci" the shank 39 l have provided a set s 75, which set screw is adapted to be threadedly engaged in said coupling nut 74 and to abut the threads on said upper end of the shank 39, as shown more clearly in Fig. l.

The mechanism adapted to independently reciprocate the lapping element of my machine without rotating said lapping element comprises a lever 76, an operating rod or dog 77, a helical spring 7 S and a stop member 79.

The lever 76 is pivotally mounted on the crank sha'tt Ll5 tor independent oscillatory movement thereon, said lever 76 being interposed between the upwardly extending arm 27 and the spur gear del, as more clearly `shown in Figs. l and 2.

The operating` rod 77 .is disposed for reoiprocatory movement within integral lugs 8O termed in spaced apart relation upon the inner side of the lever 7G, tlie lower end ot said rod is provided with a pointed end Sl, which end is adapted to engage the. teeth oi? the spur gear 4liwhen the rod 77 is in an advanced or depressed position, as shown in liig. 2, while the upper end ot said rod 77 may be provided with a button 82 if de` sired.

The helical spring 7S adapted to be disposed around the rod 77 and to be interposed between the lower lug 8O ot.' the lever 7G and an integral collar S3 termed upon the rod 77, to thereby retain said rod 77 in a normally retracted position, said collar 83 being adapted to abut the underside ot the upper lug SO ot the lever 7G when the mechanism is in a retracted position, to thus insure against the dislodgement ot said rod 77.

The stop member 79 is disposed substantially in the plane shown, the lower end ot' said member being adapted to be threadably engaged in the side of the boss 29 of the arm 27, while the upper end ot said member is bent inwardly as at 8a, to provide a stop or rest for the lever 7 6 when the latter is in an inoperative position, as shown in Figs. l, 8 and 4l.

In practice I have found it very convement and economical to utilize theI old pistons ot' the cylinders to be lapped for the lapping operation although other suitable forms of expandible laps or lapping elements may be used for this pu pose In Figs. l, 3 and 8, I have shown such a piston S5 altered to contorni to the requirements of and to function as an expandible lapping element.

I accomplish this by drilling a hole 86 in the upper wall or end of the piston 85, then slitting or cutting the walls of said piston to form a longitudinal slit or cut 87 in the side walls thereof and a diametrical slit. or cut S8 in the upper wall thereof, said diametrieal slit SS being adapted to extend substantially across said upper wall, then drilling and tapping a tapered hole 89 in said upper wall at a point contiguous to the inner end of the slit 88, which tapered hole 89 is adapted to threadedly receive a tapered expanding plug 90.

The self aligning or centering means for the piston or lapping element 85 comprises a wooden wrist pin 91 and a universal joint 92.

The wooden wrist pin 91 is adapted to operatively connect the lower end of the universal joint 92 with the piston 85 and also further adapted to be operatively disposed in bosses 98 formed on the inner walls of the piston 85, which bosses are also adapted to normally receive the metallic wrist pin for said pist-on.

In practice I have found it advisable to use wooden wrist pins for the above stated purpose to thus prevent and obviate the scoring of the `cylinder walls during the lapping operation.

llhe lower end or eye member 94 ol the universal joint 92 is adapted to be loosely mounted on the wrist pin 91 between the bosses 93, as shown, while the upper end or stub 95 of said universal joint 92 is adapted to seat in an axially disposed recess 9G formed in the lower end of the shank 39, said stub 95 being adapted to be removably secured within its associated recess by a set screw 97.

It is well known and established tact that while in use the cylinders of internal combustion engines and the like, become slightly elliptical in cross section and further it is well known that the maximum wear takes place substantially midway of the length ot said cylinders and the minimum wear at the ends thereof, said wearing acti-on being caused by the piston rings and the slightly rocking movement of the pistons during their reciprocations within their associated cylinders, which rocking movement. is due to the crank shattaction.

In Figs. l, 3 and 8, I have shown the cylinders 14a, lill] ol" the engine 14 worn in the manner described above.

The numeral 14 indicates the point or' maximum wear and 1441 indicates the points of minimum wear of said cylinders in a longitudinal. direction, while the numerals 14@ and lflf indicates similar points in a diametrical direction. It will therefor be apparent from the foregoing that the major axes of the elliptical cross section of said worn cylinders lila and 14" are in a plane parallel to a transverse plane through the said engine ll.

In view of the foregoing it will theretor be obvious that the maximum amount ot' material will be removed from the ends oi the cylinder walls and the minimum amount trom the central portions thereol during the lapping operation.

In the operation of my lapping machine the base 1() is first clamped or secured in its proper operative pnsition by the clamping bars 16 and set screws 18 the supporting` bracket 23 with its several associated mechanisms is then positioned upon the base 10 with the pin 25 disposed in the slot 19, the clamping` screw 21 is then tightened to secure the bracket 23 in position.

The piston or lapping element 85 having been previously securedto the lower end of the shank 42 and its periphery smeared with a suitable lapping compound enters the cylinder 14 simultaneously with the positioning of the bracket 23 upon the base member 10.

The tapered plug 90 in the piston 85 is then screwed down to expand said piston S5 so that the latter will fit snugly in the end portions of the cylinder 14a to thereby insure the proper lapping action taking place.

With the several mechanisms in the positions shown in Fig. 1 the lapping operation on the cylinder 14a may nowv be performed this being done by the operator turning` the crank handle 34 to therebyT simultaneously reciprocate and rotate the piston 85.

As the ends of the cylinder 14 are lapped the operator screws down the plug 90 to still further expand the piston 85, this operation is repeated frequently till such time as the walls of the cylinder 14:1 are in parallel and true cylindrical relation with respect to the axis thereof.

lShould the operator desire. for any reason, to rotate the piston 85 without reciproeating the same he disengages the pinion 43 from the spur gear 44 by actuating the lever 54 and continues to turn the crank handle 34 to thereby rotate the piston 85.

Should however, the operator desire, for any reason, to reciprocate the piston 85 without rotating the same, the pinion 43 is left disengaged from the spur gear 44, the lever 76 is then 4grasped by the operator who depresses the operating rod 77 till the lowerl pointed end 81 of the same engages the teeth of the spur `rear 44, he then oscillates the lever 7 6 to thereby reciprocate the piston 85.'

The operator also may vary the stroke of the piston S5 when necessary by adjustingl the pin 58 on the adjustable crank arm 47 rwithin its associated slot 57 formed ir the crank arm 46.

As hereinhefore described the piston S5 is expanded through the medium of the tapered plug 90 to thus form a lapping element which is slightly eccentric in cross section whereby an arcuate space is formed between a portion of the periphery of said piston and the walls of the cylinder 14a as shown more clearly in Fig. 8, to thus accommodate the surplus lapping compound. The piston ring grooves in the piston 85 also serve to accommodate the said surplus to its maximum upward travel, he thenL raises the bracket 23 till the pin 25 is clear of the slot 19 and turns or swings the bracket 23 in a sidewise direction thereby renderingthe cylinder readily accessible for inspection without disturbing the setting on the base member 10. The piston 85 is replaced by reversing the foregoing operation. The operator may if he desires remove the bracket entirely from the base member 10 and replace the same without disturbing the setting of said member 10.

From the foregoingr description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings. the advantaaes of the construction and yof the method of operation of my portable lapping machine will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which my invention pertains` to thus enable those skilled to construct and operate the same, but. while l have shown and described the construction and operation of a portable lapping machine embodying the features and principles of my invention, which I now consider to be the best embodiment thereof, and whichis adapted for use with any well known type of internal combustion engine, l desire to have it understood that the portable lanping machine shown is merely illustrative and that such changes may be made when desired as are within the scope of my invention andy embodied in the accompanyineclaims.

That l claim is:

1. A portable lappiner machine comprisiner a base; an adiustable and removable bracket mounted therein; clamping means adapted to clamp said bracket to said base:

lapping;- element mounted for reciprocation and rotation on said bracket; iid means for simultaneously reciprocating and rotating said lapping element.

2. A portable lapping machine comprising; a base; an adjustable and removable bracket mounted therein; clamping means adapted to clamp said bracket to said base; a lapping element mounted for reciprocation and rotation on said bracket; and means for simultaneously reciprocating and rotating said lapping element; said means em# sie bodying disengageable members to permit independent rotation ot' said lapping element.

3. A portable lapping machine comprising a base; an adjustable and removable bracket mounted therein;l clamping means adapted to clamp said bracket to said base; a lapping` element mounted tor reciprocation and rotation on said bracket; means for simultaneously reciprocating and rotating said lapping element; and a universal joint constituting self-aligning means for said lapping element.

Il. A portable lapping machine comprising a base; an adjustable and removable bracket mounted therein; clamping means adapted to clamp said bracket to said base: a lapping element mounted tor reciprocation and rotation on said bracket; means for multancously reciprocating and rotating said lapping element; means adapted to independently rotate said element; and seltaligning means for said lapping element.

portable lapping machine comprising a base,` a lapping element mounted thereonJ driving means adapted to rotate said lapping element, and hand controlled means disposed upon said driif'ing means whereby said lapping element may be caused to reciprocate and rotate simultaneously.

6. A portable lapping machine compris ing a base, a lapping element mounted thereon, driving means adapted to rotate said lapping element, hand controlled means disposed upon said driving means whereby said lapping element may be caused to reciprocate and rotate simultaneously. and adjustable means adapted to vary the length ol the stroke of said lapping element.

7. A portable lapping machine comprising a base, a lapping element mounted thereon, driving means adapted to rotate said lapping element7 hand controlled means disposed upon said drivino' means whereby said lapping element may be caused to reciprocate and rotate simultaneously, adjustable means adapted to vary the length of the stroke of said lapping element, and seltl aligning means for said lapping element.

8. A portable lapping machine comprising a base, a lapping element mounted thereon, driving' means adapted to rotate said lapping element, and independent hand operated means adapted to reciprocate said lapping clement when said rotating drivingl means is not in operation.

9. A portable lapping machine embodying an adjustable base, a lapping elementmounted thereon, hand operated driving means adapted to rotate said lapping element, and hand operated means disposed upon said driving means whereby said lapping element may be caused to reciprocate and rotate simultaneously.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 15th day of February A. D.

HERBERT G. MANNERING. 

